Until 1534, the Church excommunicated people for violations, but after a time the Magna Carta was simply replaced by other statutes considered binding upon the king to act according to "process of the law". The weakening of royal power it demonstrated was based more upon the instability presented by contested claims than thoughtful adherence to constitutional principles. The influence of the Magna Carta ebbs and wanes across centuries. In 1215, Archbishop Stephen Langton gathered the Barons in England and forced King John and future sovereigns and magistrates back under the rule of law, preserving ancient liberties by Magna Carta in return for exacting taxes. In righteousness you are to judge your fellow." You shall not favor the wretched and you shall not defer to the rich. This was likely inspired by Leviticus 19:15: "You shall do no iniquity in judgment. He held that the same law had to be applied to all persons, whether rich or poor, friends or enemies. Īlfred the Great, Anglo-Saxon king in the 9th century, reformed the law of his kingdom and assembled a law code (the Doom Book) which he grounded on biblical commandments. However, these arguments have been challenged and the present consensus is that upholding an abstract concept of the rule of law was not "the predominant consideration" of the Athenian legal system. Several scholars have traced the concept of the rule of law back to 4th-century BC Athens, seeing it either as the dominant value of the Athenian democracy, or as one held in conjunction with the concept of popular sovereignty. In this sense, it stands in contrast to tyranny or oligarchy, where the rulers are held above the law. The rule of law implies that every person is subject to the law, including persons who are lawmakers, law enforcement officials, and judges. Aristotle wrote: "It is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens : upon the same principle, if it is advantageous to place the supreme power in some particular persons, they should be appointed to be only guardians, and the servants of the laws." However, the principle, if not the phrase itself, was recognized by ancient thinkers. "The rule of law" was further popularized in the 19th century by British jurist A. John Locke wrote that freedom in society means being subject only to laws made by a legislature that apply to everyone, with a person being otherwise free from both governmental and private restrictions upon liberty. In the following century, the Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherford employed it in arguing against the divine right of kings. Use of the phrase can be traced to 16th-century Britain. The rule of law is defined in the Encyclopedia Britannica as "the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power." The term rule of law is closely related to constitutionalism as well as Rechtsstaat and refers to a political situation, not to any specific legal rule. Send us feedback about these examples.The rule of law is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'violence.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Ken Silverstein, The New Republic, 20 Apr. 2023 Domestic opponents portray Petro as a doctrinaire Communist bent on violence, but that depiction is overblown. 2023 The superpredator myth, a belief created by a criminologist arguing that Black youth contributed to the massive threat of crime and violence, emerged in the 1990s, causing many Black teenagers to receive harsher sentences and adult charges. 2023 The year's first quarter is one of the worst on record in Cincinnati for youth gun violence. 2023 Mitchell said Republicans have done a poor job of communicating the party’s view on gun violence. Dana Toppel, San Diego Union-Tribune, 21 Apr. 2023 As of early April 2023, 532 children and teens were killed by gun violence. 2023 Though Peairs initially wasn't arrested and later acquitted of manslaughter, Hattori's family later won a civil suit against him, taking the $100,000 settlement and putting it toward their advocacy work to end gun violence. 2023 This week, there was another startling act of gun violence. Jaweed Kaleem, Anchorage Daily News, 22 Apr. Recent Examples on the Web National protests over Martin’s death and the verdict elevated the criticism that the law promoted violence.
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